CENTRAL
INSTITUTE OF PLASTICS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Question Bank Solution
COURSE: DPMT/DPT
SEMESTER: II
SUBJECT: DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE SKILLS
5 MARK ----QUESTION
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Q 1 Differentiate clearly between Ethics and Morals?
Ans: Key Differences Between Morals and Ethics The major differences between Morals and Ethics are as under:
1. Morals deal with what is ‘right or wrong’. Ethics deals with what is ‘good or evil’.
2. Morals are general guidelines framed by the society E.g. We should speak truth. Conversely, ethics are a response to a particular situation, E.g. Is it ethical to state the truth in a particular situation?
3. The term morals is derived from a Greek word ‘mos’ which refers to custom and the customs are determined by group of individuals or some authority. On the other hand, ethics is originated from Greek word ‘ethikos’ which refers to character and character is an attribute.
4. Morals are dictated by society, culture or religion while Ethics are chosen by the person himself which governs his life.
5. Morals are concerned with principles of right and wrong. On the contrary, ethics stresses on right and wrong conduct.
6. As morals are framed and designed by the group, there is no option to think and choose; the individual can either accept or reject. Conversely, the people are free to think and choose the principles of his life in ethics.
7. Morals may vary from society to society and culture to culture. As opposed to Ethics, which remains same regardless of any culture, religion or society.
8. Morals do not have any applicability to business, whereas Ethics is widely applicable in the business known as business ethics.
9. Morals are expressed in the form of statements, but Ethics are not expressed in the form of statements.
Q 2 What do you mean by morals and ethics explain with examples?
Ans: Morals are the social, cultural and religious beliefs or values of an individual or group which tells us what is right or wrong. They are the rules and standards made by the society or culture which is to be followed by us while deciding what is right. Some moral principles are:
⦁ Do not cheat
⦁ Be loyal
⦁ Be patient
⦁ Always tell the truth
⦁ Be generous
Morals refer to the beliefs what is not objectively right, but what is considered right for any situation, so it can be said that what is morally correct may not be objectively correct.
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of conduct of an individual or group. It works as a guiding principle as to decide what is good or bad. They are the standards which govern the life of a person. Ethics is also known as moral philosophy. Some ethical principles are:
⦁ Truthfulness
⦁ Honesty
⦁ Loyalty
⦁ Respect
⦁ Fairness
⦁ Integrity
Examples
⦁ If the son of a big politician has committed a crime and he uses his powers to free his son from legal consequences. Then this act is immoral because the politician is trying to save a culprit.
⦁ A very close friend or relative of an interviewer comes for an interview and without asking a single question, he selects him. This act is unethical because the selection process must be transparent and unbiased.
⦁ A grocer sells adulterated products to his customers to earn more profit. This act is neither moral nor ethical because he is cheating his customers and profession at the same time.
Conclusion
Every single individual has some principles which help him throughout his life to cope up with any adverse situation; they are known as ethics. On the other hand, Morals are not the hard and fast rules or very rigid, but they are the rules which a majority of people considered as right. That is why the people widely accept them. This is all for differentiating Morals from Ethics.
Q 3 “Critical thinking is key to career success “elaborate the statement
Ans : One of the core critical thinking skills we need every day is the ability to examine the implications and consequences of a belief or action. In its deepest form, this ability can help you form your own set of beliefs in everything from climate change to religion. Critical thinking can help you in any profession where you must analyze information, systematically solve problems, generate innovative solutions, plan strategically, think creatively, or present your work or ideas to others in a way that can be readily understood. Today, critical thinking is considered one of the most important skills for career success and an essential component of life in the information age. ... Critical thinking has been identified as a key skill to foster innovation. Research shows that critical thinking and creativity are correlated. Critical thinking skills are essential to success — any kind of success. Successful individuals are thinkers and they surround themselves with thinkers. Among many other things, critical thinking promotes the development of things like:
⦁ Reasoning skills
⦁ Analytical thinking
⦁ Evaluative skills
⦁ Logical thinking
⦁ Organizational and planning skills
⦁ Language skills
⦁ Self-reflective capacity
⦁ Observational skills
⦁ Open-mindedness
⦁ Creative visualization techniques
⦁ Questioning ability
⦁ Decision making
Critical thinking as a skill takes time to develop and no one expects a fresh graduate to possess the requisite skills on day one. But if you are willing to take the time to evaluate problems and possible solutions, it will help you to improve your decision making skills and contribute in your professional success.
Q 4 What are the Characteristics and Qualities of Creative People?
Ans: Although each and every creative person is different from the next, many of them have similar personality traits. Here are some of the most distinct characteristics and qualities that some highly creative people have and embody.
Independent: Usually, creative people have a strong sense of independence. They enjoy being alone with their ideas and making art out of their thoughts. They are comfortable with being on their own when exploring new ideas
Curious: Creative people are always curious about how certain things work and what makes people tick. They are the people who constantly ask questions and want to become knowledgeable about random things.
Deep thinkers: creative people are deep thinkers. They dive deep into philosophical questions and want to get to the root of everything.
Open-minded: Creative people tend to be very open to new ideas and new ways of thinking since they are constantly thinking about life and things from different perspectives. For example, if they are a writer, they are putting themselves in each of their characters and their mindsets when drafting their novel.
Interesting: Creative people are truly interesting individuals. They have such a vibrant personality that can entertain and keep you occupied for hours.
Ambitious: Creative people understand that no task is too small for them to tackle.
Sensitive: Creative people are sensitive since they are very in-tune with their emotions and feelings.
Active: Creative people are active people.
Spread Happiness: Creative people share their gift and passion with the world and this, in turn, spreads happiness.
Q 5 what are some important professional values to hold at work place?
Ans: There is an old saying “work is worship big or small, do it well and that is all Employee Values are a Good Indicator of Success Some important professional values that one has to hold at work place are as follows:
1. Accountability: Accountability is considered as the key professional value that any employee must hold onto. An employee needs to take responsibility his actions.
2 A Strong Work Ethic: Employers value employees who understand and possess a willingness to work hard. In addition to working hard, it is also important to work smart. This means learning the most efficient way to complete tasks and finding ways to save time while completing daily assignments.
3 Possessing a Positive Attitude: A positive attitude gets the work done and motivates others to do the same without dwelling on the challenges that inevitably come up in any job.
4 Adaptability: Being open to change and improvements provides an opportunity to complete work assignments more efficiently while offering additional benefits to the corporation and all others too. Adaptability also means adapting to the personality and work habits of co-workers and supervisors.
5 Honesty and Integrity: It is the responsibility of each person to be honest and maintain integrity
6 Strong Self-Confidence: Self-confidence has been recognized as the key ingredient, he inspires othersself-confident person does what they feel is right and is willing to take risks. Self-confident people can also admit their mistakes.
Q 6 What are social skills? Why are they important?
Ans : Social skills are an integral part of functioning in society. Displaying good manners, communicating effectively with others, being considerate of the feelings of others and expressing personal needs are all important components of solid social skills. Students need social skills for the following benefits:
⦁ To ensure better peer relationships
⦁ To develop Better Career.
⦁ To prepare better future life
⦁ To Increase Quality of Life
⦁ To enrich More Efficiency
⦁ To enhance survival skills
⦁ To resolve conflict effectively
⦁ To increase overall happiness
⦁ To interact harmoniously
Thus social skills are the tools that enable people to communicate, learn, ask for help, get needs met in appropriate ways, get along with others, make friends, develop healthy relationships, protect themselves, and in general, social skills are needed to create social harmonious environment.
Q 7 What is stress? What are the causes of any stress and how they can be prevent?
Ans : Stress can be defined as our mental, physical, emotional and behavioral reactions to any perceived demands or threats. The causes of stress can be categories into two: Internal and External
Internal causes are : External causes are:
⦁ Chronic worry ⦁ Major life changes
⦁ Pessimism ⦁ Broken relation ship
⦁ Rigid thinking ⦁ Financial problem
⦁ Negative self talk ⦁ Family dispute
⦁ Unreal expectation ⦁ Being too busy
⦁ All or nothing attitude ⦁Work and college
Stress can be handled by applying following techniques:
1. Keep positive attitude 2 Be assertive instead of aggressive
1 Eat healthy well- balance diet 5 Learn to manage your time more effectively
2 Make time for hobbies, interests, and relaxation. 6 Exercise regularly
7 Spend enough time to enjoy
Q 8 How time can be organized to increase the productivity easily?
Ans: . Applying the correct time management skills and tips can help to get more organized and increase productivity. The more of these tools be learnt to use, the more will get done each day.
Time Management Skills
1: Prepare In Advance: The best exercise is to plan the entire next day as the last thing to do before coming home from work. When you plan your day the night before, your subconscious then goes to work on your plans and goals while you are asleep. Very often you will wake up in the morning with ideas and insights that apply to the work of the day. A major benefit of preparing your daily list the night before is that this exercise lets you sleep more soundly.
2 : Schedule Your Time :Scheduling your time reduces stress and releases energy.The very act of using your organizational skills to plan your day, week, and month, gives you a greater feeling of control and will help increase productivity throughout your day
3: Start Early: To increase productivity, start your day early. The more time you take to sit, think, and plan, the better organized you will be in every area of your life.
4: Increase Productivity With Prime Time: Organize your life so that you are doing creative work during your internal ‘‘prime time. ‘Your internal prime time is the time of day, according to your body clock, when you are the most alert and productive.
5: Keep track of daily activities. Monitor what you do on a daily basis and make a note of how much time you spend doing it.
6: Log all of your activities in a notebook. Once you have figured out what you do each day and how much time you spend doing it, write it into a notebook. Putting all of this information into one place and seeing it on one page will allow you to identify patterns and, potentially, areas where you may be wasting your time
7: Change your habits and norms. Whatever your time management problem may be, there is a solution. Once you have decided where you waste time or how you should be spending your time, you will need to make a concerted effort to change your time management habits.
Conclusion: To organize your time wisely, keep track of how long you spend on various tasks, then figure out some places that your time could be used better.Check off tasks as you go, focusing on one task at a time. Finally, remember to schedule breaks, allowing yourself to enjoy them without worrying about work.
Q 9 : Define problem solving and explain the steps of problem solving
Ans : A problem is a situation that needs to be dealt with and Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
The basic steps of problem solving process are:
1- Define & Discover: Characteristics
⦁ Differentiate fact from opinion
⦁ Specify underlying causes
⦁ Consult each faction involved for information
⦁ State the problem specifically
⦁ Identify what standard or expectation is violated
⦁ Determine in which process the problem lies
⦁ Avoid trying to solve the problem without data
2 - Dream & Design: Characteristics
⦁ Postpone evaluating alternatives initially
⦁ Include all involved individuals in the generating of alternatives
⦁ Specify alternatives consistent with organizational goals
⦁ Specify short- and long-term alternatives
⦁ Brainstorm on others' ideas
⦁ Seek alternatives that may solve the problem
5- Debrief & evaluate: Characteristics
⦁ Postpone evaluating alternatives initially
⦁ Include all involved individuals in the generating of alternatives
⦁ Specify alternatives consistent with organizational goals
⦁ Specify short- and long-term alternatives
⦁ Brainstorm on others' ideas
⦁ Seek alternatives that may solve the problem
6- Deliver & publish: Characteristics
⦁ Plan and implement a pilot test of the chosen alternative
⦁ Gather feedback from all affected parties
⦁ Seek acceptance or consensus by all those affected
⦁ Establish ongoing measures and monitoring
⦁ Evaluate long-term results based on final solution
Q 10 Why is decision making an important leadership skill?
Ans : The ability to make a decision and stick to it is the cornerstone of good leadership skills. Decision making is an on-going process in every business; large or small. Having critical thinking skills allows one to ascertain the problem and come up with a solution that is beneficial to the company and its employees. Decision making is considerate as a backbone of business management because without taking the right decision at right time, nothing can be performed the importance of decision making can be understood as follows:
1 Achievement of goals: Decision making is to achieve the organizational goals within given and budget time
2 Employees motivation: It provides an overall framework of operation and guidelines to the operating level of staff
3 Proper utilization of resources: An organization has various resources like man, money , machine, materials, market and information All these resources are properly utilized without any leakage and wastage with the help of decision making
4 It is helpful in selecting best alternatives
5 It is also essential for evaluating performance of the leaders
6 It is indispensable component of organizational success because without taking the decision at right time ,nothing can be performed as per the plan
Q 11 Why is it good to have a positive attitude? Explain with examples
Ans: Positive attitude is a mindset that helps you see and recognize opportunities. Positive attitude means positive thinking. It is optimism and maintaining a positive mindset. It is a mental attitude that focuses on the bright side of life. It is a mindset that uses the words, “I can”, and “it is possible”
A positive attitude helps you cope more easily with the daily affairs of life. It brings optimism into your life, and makes it easier to avoid worries and negative thinking. If you adopt it as a way of life, it would bring constructive changes into your life, and makes them happier, brighter and more successful.
Individuals who have a positive attitude will pay attention to the good, rather than bad in people, situations, and events. A simple example of a positive attitude; when you are having a very bad run of luck but you still say “Good Morning” rather than “What's so good about this morning
Simple Ways to Keep a Positive Attitude at Work
1. Surround yourself with positive people.
2. Fill your mind with positive input.
3. Control your language.
4. Create a routine for the day.
5. Be nice to other people.
6. Don't rely on an outside source of positivity.
7. Create high points in each day and week.
8. Assume responsibility, and choose your response.
Q 12: What is aptitude and attitude? Differentiate between aptitude and attitude
Ans: An aptitude is a component of a competency to do a certain kind of work at a certain level, which can also be considered “talent”. Aptitudes may be physical or mental. Aptitude is not knowledge, understanding, learned or acquired abilities (skills) or attitude. The innate nature of aptitude is in contrast to achievement, which represents knowledge or ability that is gained.
Attitude is a behavior a person adopts toward other people, things, incidents, or happenings. In literature, the term “attitude” can be referred as perspective or tone of the writer he adopts in a certain work.
Difference between Attitude and Aptitude
⦁ While attitude is positive / negative / indifferent feeling towards a person, object, event or idea; aptitude is a competency to do certain kind of work. Both attitude and aptitude can be nurtured.
⦁ While attitude is associated with character or virtues; aptitude is associated with competence.
⦁ While attitude underpins the character, virtues and moral values; aptitude determines if the person would develop desired skills to do a task.
⦁ While attitude is only mental; aptitude is both mental and physical.
Q 32 Explain the concept and significance of motivation?
Ans: Concept of Motivation: The term motivation is derived from the word ‘motive”. The word ‘motive’ as a noun means an objective, as a verb this word means moving into action. Therefore, motives are forces which induce people to act in a way, so as to ensure the fulfillment of a particular human need at a time. Behind every human action there is a motive. Therefore, management must provide motives to people to make them work for the organization. Motivation may be defined as a planned managerial process, which stimulates people to work to the best of their capabilities, by providing them with motives, which are based on their unfulfilled needs.
Motivation is no doubt an essential ingredient of any Organization. It is the psychological technique which really executes the plans and policies through the efforts of others.
Following are the outstanding Features of the concept of motivation:
1. Motivation is a personal and internal feelingl.
2. Motivation is need based.
3. Motivation is a continuous process.
4. Motivation may be positive or negative.
5. Motivation is a planned process
Significance/Importance of Motivation:
Motivation is an integral part of the process of direction.While directing his subordinate, a manager must create and sustain in them the desire to work for the specified objectives:
1. High Efficiency: A good motivational system releases the immense untapped reservoirs of physical and mental capabilities. By satisfying human needs motivation helps in increasing productivity. Better utilization of resources lowers cost of operations. Motivation is always goal directed. Therefore, higher the level of motivation, greater is the degree of goal accomplishment.
2. Better Image: A firm that provides opportunities for financial and personal advancement has a better image in the employment market. People prefer to work for an enterprise because of opportunity for development, and sympathetic outlook. This helps in attracting qualified personnel and simplifies the staffing function.
3. Facilitates Change: Effective motivation helps to overcome resistance to change and negative attitude on the part of employees like restriction of output.
4. Human Relations: Effective motivation creates job satisfaction.Motivation helps to solve the central problem of management, i.e., effective use of human resources. Without motivation the workers may not put their best efforts and may seek satisfaction of their needs outside the organization.
The success of any organization depends upon the optimum utilization of resources. The utilization of physical resources depends upon the ability to work and the willingness to work of the employees. In practice, ability is not the problem but necessary will to work is lacking. Motivation is the main tool for building such a will. It is for this reason that Rensis Likert said, “Motivation is the core of management.” It is the key to management in action.
Q14 Briefly explain difference between verbal and non verbal communication
Ans :
Q 15 What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal communication?
Ans : Verbal communication can be anything that is represented through words or any communicating medium. It can be of two types- oral and written broadly.
Advantages of Verbal Communication
Following are the advantages of Verbal Communication:
➨It saves time in communication.
➨It is quick in obtaining feedback once delivered.
➨It provides complete understanding of communication delivered and there is chance to make it more clear in case of doubts in interpretation of words or ideas.
➨It is more reliable method of communication.
➨It is flexible and effective for all.
➨It is powerful means of persuation and control.
➨It is cheaper way of communication and hence saves money.
Disadvantages of Verbal Communication
Following are the disadvantages of Verbal Communication:
➨Emotions are visible and hence leads to trouble in certain cases.
➨It has no legal validity and hence will lead to problems in certain situations.
➨It does not provide permanent record unless it is recorded with modern means of storage.
➨It has issues when communicating with distant people.
➨It is difficult for certain people to understand speech due to various speech tones used in verbal communication.
➨This form of communication is not suitable for lengthy message.
➨There is chance of leak of secret information with the help of modern devices such as polygraph or lie detector. Often secret information can be obtained while the person is under the influence of alcohol.
Q !6Explain the power of body language with example?
Ans: We use body language whenever we communicate face to face. It's nonverbal language that emphasizes or alters the meaning of the direct language we use. We speak to others through our body movements, posture, eye contact, hand gestures, tone and volume of voice, facial expressions, and micro expressions that hold meaning for us as well as for our audience.
The Power Of Body Language
Using positive body language can help you get what you want if you know how to use it. It can land you a job, help you sell your house, win an argument, or start a relationship.
Negative body language, on the other hand, can keep you from getting the things you want. What's more, it can cause you to lose friends, miss out on opportunities at work, or offend people you want to impress.
Body Language Examples
1. Arms Crossed Across The Chest
Sitting or standing with your arms crossed across your chest is nearly always seen as defensive body language. When you do it, you're closed off and disengaged. You may appear angry or stubborn.
2. Smile
Smiles can mean different things, depending on the exact facial expression. There are happy smiles, shy smiles, warm smiles, and ironic smiles. Genuine smile convey that you're approachable and friendly.
3. Tapping Your Fingers
When you tap your fingers, you appear impatient and possibly nervous about waiting.
4. Tilting Your Head to One Side
When you tilt your head to the side, it usually means you're listening intently and deeply interested in finding out the information you're being told. It can also mean you're concentrating very hard.
5. Steepling Your Fingers
Holding your fingertips together and your palms apart let people know you have authority and control. Bosses and politicians use this gesture often to show they're in charge.
Q 17 Explain the types of body language used to convey message
Ans : Body Language refers to the nonverbal signals that we use to communicate. According to experts, these nonverbal signals make up a huge part of daily communication.
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Eye contact: Eye contact, an important channel of interpersonal communication, helps regulate the flow of communication. And it signals interest in others .Furthermore, Eye contact with audiences increases the speaker’s credibility.
Facial expressions: The face is an important communicator. It is commonly said that face is the index of the mind. It expresses the type of emotions or feelings such as joy, love, interest, sorrow, anger, annoyance, confusion, enthusiasm, fear, hatred surprise, and uncertainty.
Gestures: Gestures are movements of the arms, legs, hands, and head.7 Some authors opine that gesture is the deliberate body movement as because they express specific and intentional meaning.
Haptics is the study of touch. Touch is the first type of nonverbal communication we experience as humans and is vital to our development and health We use touch to share feelings and relational meanings. Hugs, handshakes etc
Proxemics is the study of how our use of space influences the ways we relate with others. Hall described four levels of social distance that occur in different situations:
⦁ Intimate distance— 6 to 18 inches
⦁ Personal distance— 1.5 to 4 feet
⦁ Social distance— 4 to 12 feet
⦁ Public distance— 12 to 25 feet
Personal Appearance, Objects, and Artifacts are types of nonverbal communication we use on our bodies and surroundings communicate meaning to others. Consider your preferences for hair-style, clothing, jewelry, and automobiles, as well the way you maintain your body.
Paralanguage is the term we use to describe vocal qualities such as pitch, volume, inflection, rate of speech, and rhythm. While the types of nonverbal communication we’ve discussed so far are non-vocal, some nonverbal communication is actually vocal (noise is produced). How we say words often expresses greater meaning than the actual words themselves.
Q 18 What are thinking skills explain briefly?
Ans : Thinking skills are the mental activities you use to process information, make connections, make decisions, and create new ideas. You use your thinking skills when you try to make sense of experiences, solve problems, make decisions, ask questions, make plans, or organize information.
Thinking skills are cognitive operations or processes that are the building blocks of thinking There are core several thinking skills including focusing ,organizing, analyzing, evaluating and generating.
1 Focusing: attending to select pieces of information while ignoring other stimuli.
2 Remembering : Storing and then retrieving information.
3 Gathering: bringing to conscious mind the relative information needed for cognitive processing.
4 Organizing: arranging information so it can be used effectively.
5 Analyzing : Breaking down information by examining parts and relationship so that its organizational structure can be understood .
6 Connecting : making connections between related items and pieces of information.
7 Integrating: Connecting and combing information to better understand the relationship between the information.
8 Compiling: putting parts together to form a whole a building a structure or pattern from diverse elements .
9 Evaluating : assessing the reasonableness and quality of ideas or materials on order to present and defend opinions.
10 Generating: producing new information , ideas, products or ways of viewing things.
Q 19 What is self awareness and how it can be developed?
Ans: Self Awareness: Conscious knowledge of one’s own character, feeling, motive and desires. Anyone who is dedicated to self-improvement, personal development or the higher goal of spiritual growth needs to actively seek to understand oneself. This is because only when one understands where one lacks, can he or she focus their efforts on what to improve.
Definition of self-awareness:
1. Self-awareness is the capacity that a person has to introspect.
2. It includes gaining an understanding of and insight into one’s strengths, qualities, weaknesses, defects, ideas, thoughts, beliefs, ideals, responses, reactions, attitude, emotions and motivations.
3. Thus introspection also includes assessing how one is perceived by others and
4. How others are impacted based on one’s behaviour, responses and conduct.
Tips to improve self awareness
⦁ Defining your core values
⦁ Keep a journal
⦁ Engage in self-reflection
⦁ Take a personality test
⦁ Do your emotion rule the day
⦁ Keep engaging self-awareness exercise
⦁ Take care yourself
⦁ Encourage feedback from colleagues
Some of the benefits one get from being more self-aware at work.:
⦁ Better able to deal with stress
⦁ can manage the time better
⦁ understand the impact of emotions have on others
⦁ better able to take on feedback
⦁ feel more confident in his/her ability
Q 20 what is group discussion and purpose of Group Discussions?
Ans: Group discussion is an important activity in academic, business and administrative spheres. It is a. systematic and purposeful interactive oral process. Here the exchange of ideas, thoughts and feelings. take place through oral communication.
Purpose of Group Discussions
Group discussions may serve various purposes. Some of them are:
(i) To reach a solution on an issue of concern
(ii) (ii) To generate new ideas or new approaches to solving a problem
(iii) For selecting candidates after the written test for employment or for admission to educational institutes
(iv) To provide us with an avenue to train ourselves in various interpersonal skills
Advantages of Group Discussions
The advantages of group discussions are as follows:
(i) It provides a deeper understanding of the subject.
(ii) It improves the ability to think critically.
(iii) It provides different approaches to solving a problem.
(iv) It helps the group in taking a decision.
(v) It gives an opportunity to hear the opinions of other persons.
(vi) It enables a participant to put across his/her viewpoint.
(vii) It enhances confidence in speaking.
(viii) It can change your opinion and show you things from a different perspective.
Q 21 What are the strategies of group discussion?
Ans : The first and the foremost tip for an individual to perform well in a GD is to learn the art of participation. Don't expect others to force you to speak. Take the initiative, participate in the discussion and share your ideas with others. Never shout in a group discussion and always wait for your turn to speak.
Tips for a Successful Group Discussion
⦁ learn the art of participation
⦁ Try to take the initiative.
⦁ Prepare well with the topic
⦁ Never be rigid in group discussions.
⦁ Read a lot and always keep your eyes and ears open
⦁ Be alert always
⦁ Take care of your dressing as well.
⦁ Model the behavior and attitudes you want group members to employ
⦁ Use encouraging body language and tone of voice, as well as words.
⦁ Give positive feedback for joining the discussion.
⦁ Be aware of people's reactions and feelings, and try to respond appropriately.
⦁ Ask open-ended questions. .
⦁ Control your own biases.
Q 22 What are the barriers of communication and how to overcome them?
Ans : Effective communication is important in the family, workplace, and dealing with friends. Communication that is effective, needs to express ideas, feelings, thoughts, and emotions in a clear and understandable manner.
Barriers to effective communication can severely impact and even damage relationships. For example, not listening properly, interrupting the other person while they are speaking, or offering solutions before hearing the other person out, can all block effective communication.
5 Barriers to Effective Communication and How to Overcome Them
1. Not listening actively
Communicating effectively often means taking note of what the other person says so that you can make an appropriate response. So, good communication starts with not just hearing words but actively listening to what another person is saying.
Here are some ways to listen actively:
⦁ Listen to the other person more than you speak
⦁ Observe the speaker’s body language and behavior
⦁ Try to really concentrate on what is being said
⦁ Don’t interrupt or reflect back what you’ve heard
2. Not paying attention
If you are an active listener, then it will be easy to avoid the second barrier to effective communication – not paying attention. Looking at your mobile phone, checking your watch, or letting your mind drift off will hinder communication between you and the other party. This happens in 2 ways:
⦁ First, you give the impression that you are not interested in what is being said that this may stop the other person opening up.
⦁ Second, you may miss important information and then create confusion and frustration.
3. Not being clear and concise
Not being clear and concise when speaking or writing emails or letters can stifle communication. Important information and facts can get lost in using an excessive number of words or not speaking clearly.
One step to communicating clearly and succinctly is to always ask yourself “why”? If you are the speaker, you should clearly know what you want to achieve. If you are the listener, try to discern why the conversion is taking place. If, you are not clear on what the purpose of the communication is, try to get to the “why”.
4. Using jargon
Misunderstandings and confusion abound when a person uses overly-technical language, jargon, or words that are rarely used. Of course, some rarely-used words may be necessary to get over your point effectively and precisely, but they should always have a purpose. If you are in the habit of using technical language, your listeners may not get the point of what is being said.
To boost communication, always try to speak in common terms, even if your audience has some knowledge of what you are talking about.
5. Avoiding the concerns of others
In any conversation, it’s important to try and see where the other person is coming from. Each person has their own viewpoint, experience, and set of life skills that affect their perspective. For example, two people standing on either side of the road will have a different perspective. One will say the car came from the left and the other will say it came from the right.
To get over this barrier, try to keep an open mind, especially when communicating in a stressful environment. Remember that differences in understanding and perspective are natural. Also, knowing where the other person is coming from can help you adjust your tone, body language, or reassure your listener.
Q 23 Elaborate the meaning of Empathy vs. Sympathy
Ans: Empathy can be defined as a person’s ability to recognize and share the emotions of another person, fictional character, or sentient being while Sympathy (‘fellow feeling’, ‘community of feeling’) is a feeling of care and concern for someone, often someone close, accompanied by a wish to see him better off or happier.
⦁ Empathy is a term we use for the ability to understand other people’s feelings as if we were having them ourselves.
⦁ Empathy can also mean projecting our own feeling onto a work of art or another object.
⦁ Sympathy refers to the ability to take part in someone else’s feelings, mostly by feeling sorrowful about their misfortune.
⦁ Sympathy can also be used in relation to opinions and taste, like when you say that you have sympathy for a political cause.
Q 24 What is the importance of team work at workplace?
Ans : The dictionary describes teamwork as “the combined action of a group, especially when effective and efficient”. In business terms, teamwork is when a group of people collaborate to achieve a mutual goal. This means that people within a group use their skills to overcome each other’s weaknesses and achieve a goal which was otherwise not possible.
Importance of teamwork: the importance of teamwork, there are more than a few reasons why it’s significant in a company’s growth and success:
⦁ Teamwork Builds a harmonic relationship between employees
⦁ Teamwork promotes efficiency
⦁ Teamwork fosters a learning environment
⦁ Teamwork offers better opportunities for feedback
⦁ Teamwork helps in resolving issues faster
Ways to promote teamwork at the workplace
⦁ Define roles
⦁ Informal social gatherings
⦁ Reward teams for their teamwork
⦁ Stop micromanaging
⦁ Acknowledge individual performances
⦁ Take feedback from everyone
To conclude “Coming together is a beginning, staying together is progress and working together is success.”
Q 25 : What are some of the key attributes of a good problem solver?
Ans ; Effective problem solvers share ten common characteristics.
1. They have an “attitude”: Simply expressed, effective problem solvers invariably see problems as opportunities, a chance to learn something new, to grow, to succeed where others have failed, or to prove that “it can be done”.
2. They re-define the problem.
Problem solving is a primary consulting skill. Seasoned consultants know that, very often, the initial definition of the problem (by the client) is incorrect or incomplete.
3. They have a system.
Perhaps the most common model is the old consulting acronym: DACR/S in which the letters stand for Describe, Analyze, Conclude, and Recommend/Solve. As with many formulas, its usefulness stems from the step-by-step approach it represents. Effective problem solvers take the steps in order and apply them literally.
4. They avoid the experience trap: it means they learn to expect the unexpected, illogical, and non-linear.
5. They consider every position as though it were their own: They have the ability to shift perspectives quickly and easily is a key characteristic of effective problem solvers.
6. They recognize conflict as often a prerequisite to solution: They can manage conflict be an effective tool for flushing out the real facts of a situation.
7. They listen to their intuition.
8. They invariably go beyond “solving the problem”: their approach is the premise that every problem is an opportunity in disguise.
9. They seek permanent solutions.
10. They gain agreement and commitment from the parties involved.
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